Influence of Public Attitudes, Perceptions and Behaviours to Household Solid Waste Management in Federal Capital Territory, Abuja

Abstract

Effective household solid waste management remains a critical challenge in rapidly urbanizing Nigerian cities, with inadequate participation, infrastructural constraints, and socio-economic disparities hindering sustainable practices. This study examined perception, attitudes and behaviour towards household waste management in Federal Capital Territory Abuja, with specific objectives to: assess awareness and attitudes toward waste segregation and disposal, evaluate perceptions of household waste management services, explore the influence of socio-demographic factors on waste management behaviours, examine existing community participation initiatives, and identify barriers to effective household participation. A mixed-methods descriptive survey design was employed, collecting data from 400 households through structured questionnaires, supplemented by Focus Group Discussions (FGDs). Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, and regression analysis, while qualitative data underwent thematic analysis. Findings revealed that 72.5% of respondents were aware of segregation practices, and 77.5% recognized the environmental and health risks of improper disposal, with an overall positive attitude (mean = 3.91). However, participation in recycling initiatives was lower at 37.5%, and only 47.5% were willing to join waste management committees. Chi-square analysis showed that education, income, and settlement type significantly influenced behaviours (p < 0.05), while age and gender were not significant predictors. Key barriers included high service costs (55%), irregular collection schedules (50%), limited access to bins (45%), and knowledge gaps (40%). The study concluded that while awareness and attitudes are generally positive, structural, financial, and infrastructural constraints limit effective household participation. It recommends that household authorities improve service regularity, expand waste infrastructure, and implement targeted awareness and incentive programs to enhance community engagement and compliance.